H<\/span>vorfor hentyder Jesus i Bjergpr\u00e6dikenen til den h\u00f8jre kind (Matt. 5,39)? Han kunne have sagt venstre kind eller slet ikke talt om nogen bestemt kind. Var det et tilf\u00e6ldigt valg, eller var det med vilje?<\/p>\nForestil dig \u00e9n, der st\u00e5r foran dig, parat til at sl\u00e5 dig. Uanset, om han sl\u00e5r med flad h\u00e5nd eller knyttet h\u00e5nd, s\u00e5 vil de fleste mennesker ramme din venstre kind, ikke den h\u00f8jre. For at ramme h\u00f8jre kind m\u00e5 personen sandsynligvis v\u00e6re venstreh\u00e5ndet. Videnskaben vurderer antallet af venstreh\u00e5ndede til at v\u00e6re mellem 5 % og 30 % af befolkningen. S\u00e5 talte Jesus kun om et mindretal af voldelige venstreh\u00e5ndede?<\/p>\n
Der er dog en anden mulighed. Et slag med bagh\u00e5nden ville typisk lande p\u00e5 den anden persons h\u00f8jre kind. Men igen, hvorfor skulle Jesus tale om et bestemt slag? Hvad fort\u00e6ller et bagh\u00e5ndsslag i ansigtet? Det betyder en grov forn\u00e6rmelse.<\/p>\n
De rabbinske udl\u00e6gninger i Talmud fort\u00e6ller, at dommerne p\u00e5 den tid tilm\u00e5lte forskellige straffe for forskellige forn\u00e6rmelser, efter hvor grov ydmygelsen var (Bava Kamma 90a). Hvis en mand slog en anden med knytn\u00e6ve, fik han en b\u00f8de p\u00e5 en sela (dvs. fire zuzim eller romerske denarer). Som der synges i en popul\u00e6r, gammel p\u00e5skeb\u00f8rnesang, ville det bel\u00f8b r\u00e6kke til at k\u00f8be to babygeder. En anden holdning takserede samme forbrydelse betydeligt h\u00f8jere, nemlig 100 denarer.<\/p>\n
Hvis derimod en mand slog sin kammerat med flad h\u00e5nd, skulle han betale 200 denarer. Men hvis han slog sin kammerat p\u00e5 kinden med flad bagh\u00e5nd, skulle han betale den h\u00f8jeste straf \u2013 400 denarer. Det er mange geder! Vi l\u00e6rer heraf, at et slag med flad bagh\u00e5nd var den groveste form for forn\u00e6rmelse. Ved at tale om den h\u00f8jre kind opfordrede Jesus til selvbeherskelse i situationer med ekstrem ydmygelse.<\/p>\n
Nogle kristne fortolker Jesu ord om at byde \u201dden anden kind\u201d til som pacifisme selv i situationer, der kunne blive livstruende, f.eks. i krigstid. Men hans tilh\u00f8rere forstod, at Jesus hentydede til uenigheder mellem mennesker i hverdagslivet \u2013 mellem naboer, k\u00f8ber og s\u00e6lger, selv mellem br\u00f8dre \u2013 den type uenigheder, der kunne lede til gensidige slag.<\/p>\n
Princippet om \u201dat vende den anden kind til\u201d er begr\u00e6nset til, hvordan vi b\u00f8r reagere p\u00e5 ydmygelser. Det bekr\u00e6ftes af det, Jesus n\u00e6vner efter at have talt om manden, der tager en andens kjortel (Matt. 5,40; Luk. 6,29). Begge ovenn\u00e6vnte eksempler p\u00e5 forn\u00e6rmelser st\u00e5r ogs\u00e5 samme sted i samme afsnit i Talmud. De handler is\u00e6r om angreb p\u00e5 en andens \u00e6re, dvs. ydmygelse. Jesus kendte helt klart til samtidens rabbinske udl\u00e6gninger.<\/p>\n
En almindelig misforst\u00e5else eller to<\/h2>\n
I<\/span> det daglige liv henfalder mennesker ofte til h\u00e6vn for forn\u00e6rmelser og slag, enten noget de virkelig uds\u00e6ttes for, eller noget de tror. De kan endda t\u00e6nkes at retf\u00e6rdigg\u00f8re deres geng\u00e6ld ved at citere det bibelske princip om \u201d\u00f8je for \u00f8je\u201d, mens de opf\u00f8rer sig p\u00e5 en sm\u00e5lig m\u00e5de for at f\u00e5 deres h\u00e6vn. Det var grunden til, at Jesus stillede princippet om \u201dat vende den h\u00f8jre kind til\u201d side om side med princippet om \u201det \u00f8je for et \u00f8je\u201d.<\/p>\nGuds hensigt med reglen om \u201det \u00f8je for et \u00f8je\u201d var aldrig at give den almindelige offentlighed tilladelse til at ud\u00f8ve h\u00e6vn. Det var kun ment som retningslinjer for dommerne i Israel inden for det juridiske systems stramme rammer. Selvjustits og h\u00e6vn er en komplet pervertering af det bibelske princip og underst\u00f8tter volden. Dette er grunden til, at Jesus underviste om evnen til at acceptere forn\u00e6rmelse i stilhed, hellere end at tage personlig tilflugt til gensidig vold.<\/p>\n
Desuden er det vildledning, n\u00e5r uinformerede bibell\u00e6rere, som det ofte sker, h\u00e6vder, at det j\u00f8diske folk tilbage i historien har brugt princippet bogstaveligt og brutalt. Vi har behandlet dette emne flere gange i HASHIVAH<\/span>. For at g\u00f8re det kort: bortset fra overlagt mord, s\u00e5 var straffen for fysiske angreb, der resulterede i ydmygelse eller skade, altid betaling af en b\u00f8de. En \u00f8jenskade skulle betales med v\u00e6rdien af et \u00f8je. Skaden p\u00e5 et lem skulle betales med v\u00e6rdien af et lem og s\u00e5 videre. Skaden p\u00e5 et lem skulle ikke betales med v\u00e6rdien af et \u00f8je. En unders\u00f8gelse af alle bibelske henvisninger om dette princip viser, at der blev betalt en pengeb\u00f8de.<\/p>\nDommerne tog i deres dom hensyn til fem grader af erstatninger, der skulle betales, hvis de havde relevans, nemlig (1) skade eller legemlig fysisk skade, (2) smerte, (3) ydmygelse, (4) medicinske udgifter og (5) tab af levebr\u00f8d.<\/p>\n
Jesus s\u00f8gte at reducere trangen til h\u00e6vn. I stedet for at oph\u00e6ve Torahen (Loven), bekr\u00e6ftede han den (se del I og II i de to tidligere udgaver). En korrekt forst\u00e5else af Bjergpr\u00e6dikenen er ikke kun til gavn for kristne for dens egen skyld, men vil ogs\u00e5 fjerne d\u00e5rlige f\u00f8lelser mod j\u00f8derne p\u00e5 grund af misforst\u00e5elser af denne n\u00f8gletekst i Det nye Testamente.<\/p>\n
\n*rabbinsk udl\u00e6gning<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Hvorfor hentyder Jesus i Bjergpr\u00e6dikenen til den h\u00f8jre kind (Matt. 5,39)? Han kunne have sagt venstre kind eller slet ikke talt om nogen bestemt kind. Var det et tilf\u00e6ldigt valg, eller var det med vilje? Forestil dig \u00e9n, der st\u00e5r foran dig, parat til at sl\u00e5 dig. Uanset, om han sl\u00e5r med flad h\u00e5nd eller […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":2189,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[30,88,89],"class_list":["post-2188","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-article","tag-christianity","tag-sermon-on-the-mount","tag-talmud"],"yoast_head":"\n
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